
marxism ≠ communism. i do view communism as being a bit utopian but, it was based on observations made about non-capitalist societies. marxism is a theoretical lens tho, you can be a marxist and not a communist (tho if you take praxis as a major aspect you should still be trying to lift up the working class)
marx and engels also weren’t the only contributors to these ideas too. there’s lots of communist/marxist thinkers that expand on their ideas and modified them. there’s more than just classical marxism. marxism tho quite literally is scientific tho, it’s used in social science even when they don’t call it that.
marxism as a methodological/theoretical lens is one focused on conflict theory and dialectical/historical materialism (tho this has expanded). it’s basically stating that the material political-economic reality and conflict surrounding it are main drivers of society and culture. anyone looking at the base structure to analyze society/superstructure could fall under the marxist umbrella
Yes, they are inevitable due to the inherent material contradictions within the capitalist system and the logical end point of class conflict, in which only one class (the proletariat) can usurp the other, as the bourgeoisie need the proletarian labor to exist as a class, whereas the proletarian dosent need the capitalist. None of what you said shows anything utopian at all.
not in the traditional sense, psychology is probably one that runs the most experiments in the traditional sense. these tests have varying degrees of replicability due to the complexity of human sociality. it also tends to use both quantitative and qualitative data that play off of each other. ur theoretical framework will generally guide how you approach this data, what questions you ask, the methods you use, etc. we’re using both deductive and inductive reasonings
we rarely end up with hard absolute results, rather we end up with patterns that have varying degrees of predictability. these are complex networks and systems. if i’m using a critical, pol-econ, or marxist lens i’m going to focus on things like power, hierarchy, and economic aspects of a given problem
*i'm* a social scientist, one that could be called a marxist, but i'm not basing my research on the writings of marx and engels, im using those that built off it and account for the flaws in the original theory (graeber, wolf, althusser, wallerstein, baer) i reference marx and their works are foundational, but they are by no means perfect or always applicable to the things i'm looking at
Psychology isn’t the only social science, of course. But what makes any social science a science is that it tests claims that can be measured. Yes, there are many versions of Marxism, and some don’t 100% agree with everything Marx and Engels said. Still, what makes them Marxist is that they start by accepting at least some of the core conclusions from Marx and Engels as true, which is explicitly anti-scientific.
it is explicitly a framework of interpretation, these are not generally empirical in the first place and that’s not their purpose. if ur talking about their predictions of the future, sure, there’s no way to know the future. but the prediction was not and isn’t the methodology itself, the methodology was applied to observations and trends to arrive at a possible outcome. you know, like what social sciences such as economics and sociology do
so say i was investigating crime levels in a specific neighborhood. a functionalist would look at how crime and the actions around it function of crime within the social system. an individualist would investigate the individual outlooks, psychology, and perspectives of criminals (asserting that crime is a problem on the individual level). a marxist/critical theorist would investigate the economic pressures, ideology, resource access, and power dynamics that make crime seem reasonable
A pastafarian would investigate pirate suppression and cultural indoctrination against the Flying Spaghetti Monster. You can swap in almost any worldview as a “lens.” That doesn’t make it scientific. Even if you call Marxism a methodology rather than an ideology, it’s telling that it keeps landing on the same conclusions even when evidence points elsewhere.
The core argument for Marxism is made purely on scientific analysis of class conflict without any moral justification. Now sure will Marx and the proletariat find it more moral leading to them to revolt? Sure, but Marxism is not a “morals based” philosophy because Marxism views morality as subjective. There’s not god to dictate what is moral and what is not, that’s for the people to decide.