
Interesting fact: they were actually oral traditions before he wrote them down! There’s content within the stories that describe trade routes / technology from wayyyy before his time. In addition, there’s linguistic evidence that some names within the story come from a completely different culture (i.e. the people who lived in Greece before the Greeks arrived in Greece). We know this because the names have so much variation in the consonants (like they were approximating a sound they didnt have)
+ the names have no cognates in languages related to Greek. For example, Odysseus was also pronounced Odyseus, Oliseus, Olyseus, Olysseus, Olyteus, Olytteus, Ōlysseus, Oulixēs, and Oulixeus (from wikipedia). In short, Homer didn’t compose the stories per se, but he did write oral tradition in a unique poetic register!!