
sadly, intelligence is really hard to quantify and measure, especially without having inherent biases against people of different cultural backgrounds. e.g. asking questions using words that have connotations or qualities that someone maybe a). hasn’t encountered or b). has a different meaning for. this type of thing is why there were disparities between early iq scores of europeans and ethnic groups. it was used to justify racism, but really the tests were flawed.
and before you say “use shapes and colors”, these are also largely cultural. a strong example is a group of people who could easily differentiate between hyper specific shades of green that most people cannot tell apart, but who struggled with “obvious” color differences like red and purple. this wasn’t because of anything biological, but was entirely a learned skill. that differentiation was important for discerning specific things in their environment, while the largely held roygbv stuff wasnt