
Ancient Rome actually had private fire brigades. Probably the first and most notable was run by this guy named Marcus Licinius Crassus. He would wait around while the building burned until the owner agreed to sell it to him for a fraction of what it was worth before he let the brigade put out the fire.
This existed in the U.S. too, fire brigades would be run by fire insurance companies which would install identifying plaques on insured buildings. Theoretically if a building was uninsured or insured by a different company the firefighters might refuse to take action until receiving payment