
I have always thought that animals experience a lower form of emotional state than humans that is inherently less valuable because animals are not created in the image of god. HOWEVER, the act of causing undue suffering to any of gods creations is a stain on the soul of the individual perpetrating the suffering. Therefore I do not believe animals have any inherent value beyond their utility, but they shouldn’t be forced to suffer, and it is a red flag if a person does not show animals respect.