I’m also relatively new so take what I say with a grain of salt but to my understanding carbs go before to give you energy and protein goes after to help you build the muscles you just worked out

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1. you can totally take everything to failure if you like it. just make sure you keep track of how many reps it took you so you can tell how fast you're getting better 2. it doesn't really matter, drink it whenever you want

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1. in terms of reps, i would just try to do everything to failure (reps in reserve is a thing, but hard to gauge as a beginner). 2-3 sets max. 2. depends what type of protein powder if it’s whey isolate or not. generally though, i’d just drink it after because it takes more time for protein to break down. ideally, you want to be eating fast-digesting carbs for your pre-workout, e.g. rice cakes, fruit; the amount you should depends on BW (you can search this up).

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