
I don’t think what he was saying is as derogatory as you’re thinking it is. He’s commenting that by attempting to create a niche subculture of their own, these group of women unintentionally create their own standards of conformity and similarity to one another. He was very critical of many aspects of human nature and wrote very uniquely complex female characters in his works (at a time when this was not common at all for male authors).
To the contrary, I actually think that Dostoevsky would probably be highly likely out of most famous classical authors to be a feminist in modern-day society (I say probably since we obviously will never know for sure). Some scholars even have referred to him as a “proto-feminist.”