Couldn’t fit this in the main post- Tylenol is used during pregnancy to reduce fevers (which we have ACTUALLY studied as increasing the risk of birth defects) as well as manage pain. We know that autism is partially influenced by genetics— those who experience chronic pain during pregnancy/in general are generally more likely to be neurodivergent themselves (we love comorbidities!). When you control for genetics/family environment, the association of Tylenol usage and autism disappears.
You’re going to hear “leucovorin” a lot in the coming weeks. It’s a medication typically used for chemo side effects that has folate in it. The “theory” is that autistics have autoantibodies that stop folate from entering the brain during development, so introducing more folate can correct low levels in the brain. There are some studies that suggest this is effective, but there’s some glaring issues with this take:
- the existing studies are extremely small, measure outcomes differently, and use different dosages from one another - most (70%) of autistic folks studied DO have these autoantibodies, but so do about half of their neurotypical family members - THE PEOPLE DOING THESE STUDIES OWN THE PATENT FOR THE ANTIBODY TEST. This is a MASSIVE conflict of interest. Preliminary research is being touted as a massive breakthrough for the sake of profit
So with a good faith reading, leucovorin may help some folks improve in some aspects (like verbal communication), but only for a subset of folks with these autoantibodies. With further study we may see some more concrete answers, but this is NOT the “cure” that many will make it out to be.
TLDR: - Tylenol usage is NOT linked to an increased risk of autism and fearmongering pregnant people into not taking it will cause needless pain and suffering. - Leucovorin (folate), MIGHT be helpful for a subset of autistic folks to help reduce/ improve symptoms, but results are modest at best and more research is needed - The “autism epidemic” doesn’t exist. We’ve just gotten better at recognizing autism that was already there, and it’s not the socially damning diagnosis it once was